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| Scottish-Anglo Border Wars 1295-1328
In 1286 a crises arose in Scotland when Alexander II dies, trying to get to his young bride, crossing steep mountains and rocky cliffs in the dark. He was found at the bottom of a cliff with a broken neck.
In 1290, his Granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway, dies, marking the end of a period of peace and prosperity, leaving the throne open to contentious factions led by Robert the Bruce and John Ballilol.
Prior to her death Edward I arranged the clever marriage of his son Prince of Wales, signing into in the Treaty of Brigham.
This crisis in Scottish affairs provided an opening for the English King Edward I who proposed to mediate, and appointed Ballilol to be King in 1292. He also imposed a state of vassalage on Ballilol and Scotland.
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1295 Ballilol rebelled, renounced his allegiance to the King and renewed the Auld Alliance with France. March 1296 he was deposed by Edward, when the English troops arrived at Berwick, the Scots jeered at the English, who retaliated by attacking a nearby town, slaughtering men, women and children. Berwick surrendered. Ballilol was forced to abdicate at Montrose. Edwards' forces captured most cities. At Perth, he ordered the Stone of Scone to be sent to Westminster. And he himself, returned to England. 1272 - 1305 William Wallace - using unconventional military tactics, defeated the army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge 1297. |
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At the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward defeated William. William took shelter in the woods of Selkirk Forest. The English drove Bruce from his lands and burnt crops and barns as he advanced from Perth, marching north over the Forth River. As he approached Dumferline, the Scottish Lords and Bishops offered an oath of allegiance in return for their lives. 1305, he defeated Sir William Oliphant in Sterling Castle. In August of the same year, Wallace was betrayed, captured, and sent to trial in Westminster Hall. He was hung on the 25 August, whilst still alive he was cut open, his entrails dug out, and eventually, after much suffering, was beheaded. His bravery and courage inspired the Scots |
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1306 Robert the Bruce murdered his rival and crowned himself King of Scotland. Edward I defeated Bruce and forced him to flee to Ireland. 1307 Edward I dies, leaving Edward II to be King. Robert returned to Scotland. 1314 England was defeated at the Battle of Bannockburn. 1322 Robert repelled an invasion. In 1328, the Peace of Northampton finally gave legal independence and sovereignity to Scotland. And in 1403, Scotland was joined with England. Click here to go back to the History Timeline. If you are interested in the military miniatures or toy soldiers associated with this battle and others, please visit the 4milmodels online store |
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